Module: Transmutation / Chemische Veraenderungen
Sequence: 0.0. START
Branching Point: Transmutation and Chemical Changes
Sequence: 1.0. Level_02_Transmutation
Branching Point: Transmutation
Sequence: 1.1. Objektfolge 11120
Slide: Fire Assaying
Slide: Fire Assaying: Iron Mortar and Pestle
Slide: Fire Assaying: Retort
Slide: Fire Assaying: Retort
Slide: Fire Assaying: Crucible
Slide: The Art of Separating, Transforming Precious Metals
Slide: The Art of Separating: Florentine Bottle for Aqua Regia
Slide: The Art of Separating: Dropper for Aqua Fortis
Slide: The Art of Separating: Retort Made of Green Glass
Slide: The Art of Separating: Ampulla
Slide: The Art of Separating: Hessian Crucible on Charcoal with Gripper
Slide: The Art of Separating: "Luter"-Cobalt
Slide: The Art of Separating: Coin Balance
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Slide: Apothecary
Slide: Apothecary: Alembic
Slide: Apothecary: Distillery Receiver
Sequence: 1.2. ars distillandi
Slide: Distillation
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Sequence: 1.3. Level_03_Transmutation
Branching Point:
Sequence: 1.3.1. Darstellung alchemischen Wissens_Michelspacher_1616
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Sequence: 1.3.2. Darstellung alchemischen Wissens_Stoltzius_1624
Slide: Alchemy
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Slide: Structuring Alchemy: Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
Slide: Structuring Alchemy: Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
Slide: Structuring Alchemy: Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
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Slide: Structuring Alchemy: Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
Slide: Structuring Alchemy: Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
Slide: Structuring Alchemy: Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
Slide: Structuring Alchemy: Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
Slide: Structuring Alchemy: Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
Slide: Structuring Alchemy: Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
Slide: Structuring Alchemy: Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
Slide: Structuring Alchemy: Twelve Signs of the Zodiac
Sequence: 1.3.3. Darstellung alchemischen Wissens_Maier_1749
Slide: Alchemy
Slide: The Elements
Slide: The Creation
Slide: The Philosopher's Stone
Slide: Mare est corpus
Slide: Putrefactio
Slide: Soul and Spirit
Slide: Sublimatio
Sequence: 2.0. Level_02_Chemistry
Branching Point: Chemical Changes
Sequence: 2.1. Objektfolge 11130
Slide: Analyzing Metals
Slide: Analyzing Metals: Blowpipe Instruments
Slide: Analyzing Metals: Exsiccator by Fresenius
Slide: Analyzing Metals: Analytical Balance
Slide: Volumetry
Slide: Volumetry: First Publication of Friedrich Mohr
Slide: Volumetry: Burettes with Stand
Slide: The Chemical Laboratory in the 20th Century
Slide: The Chemical Laboratory in the 20th Century: Ebullioscope
Slide: The Chemical Laboratory in the 20th Century: Melting and Ashing
Slide: The Chemical Laboratory in the 20th Century: Vacuum Filtration
Slide: The Chemical Laboratory in the 20th Century: Forced-air Burner
Sequence: 2.2. Lavoisier
Slide: Antoine Laurent de Lavoisier (1743-1794)
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Slide: Traité Élémentaire de Chimie
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Sequence: 3.0 Repraesentationsformen des Laboratoriums (EH)
Slide: Images of Chemical Laboratories over the Course of History
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Sequence: 4.0. Biografien
Slide: Theophrast Paracelsus (1493–1541)
Slide: Jöns Jakob Berzelius (1779–1848)
Slide: Marie Curie (1867–1934)
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The Chemical Laboratory in the 20th Century

Starting around 1870, quality control and clinical diagnostics shift to the forefront of chemical analysis. In chemical-pharmaceutical factories and the universities, diverse research is performed in new areas and new medicines and chemicals developed.

Glowing piles of coals and bellows have finally disappeared from the laboratories once and for all. The dominant modern energy source is clean, municipal gas. Eventually there is no such thing as a factory without its own company lab, not even a dairy. Quality is monitored and becomes a major determinant of price.

National and regional analysis authorities take over quality control after the 1830s, eliminating the need for market inspectors to carry suspicious samples to the next apothecary.

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